jueves, 24 de agosto de 2017

Google DNS --- Averiguando cual Cluster estas utilizando

(this is -almost- a copy / paste of an email sent by Erik Sundberg to nanog mailing list on 
August 23). 
This post is being posted with his explicit permission.


I sent this out on the outage list, with a lots of good feedback sent to 
me. So I 
figured it would be useful to share the information on nanog as well.

A couple months ago had to troubleshoot a google DNS issue with Google’s 
NOC. Below 
is some helpful information on how to determine which DNS Cluster you are 
going to.

Let’s remember that Google runs DNS Anycast for DNS queries to 8.8.8.8 
and 8.8.4.4. 
Anycast routes your DNS queries to the closes DNS cluster based on the 
best route / 
lowest metric to 8.8.8.8/8.8.4.4.   Google has deployed multiple DNS 
clusters across 
the world and each DNS Cluster has multiple servers.

So a DNS query in Chicago will go to a different DNS clusters than queries 
from a 
device in Atlanta or New York.


How to get a list of google DNS Cluster’s.
dig -t TXT +short locations.publicdns.goog. @8.8.8.8

How to print this list in a table format. 
Script from: https://developers.google.com/speed/public-dns/faq
---------------
#!/bin/bash
IFS="\"$IFS"
for LOC in $(dig -t TXT +short locations.publicdns.goog. @8.8.8.8)
do
  case $LOC in
    '') : ;;
    *.*|*:*) printf '%s ' ${LOC} ;;
    *) printf '%s\n' ${LOC} ;;
  esac
done
---------------

Which will give you a list like below. This is all of the IP network’s 
that google
uses for their DNS Clusters and their associated locations.

74.125.18.0/26 iad
74.125.18.64/26 iad
74.125.18.128/26 syd
74.125.18.192/26 lhr
74.125.19.0/24 mrn
74.125.41.0/24 tpe
74.125.42.0/24 atl
74.125.44.0/24 mrn
74.125.45.0/24 tul
74.125.46.0/24 lpp
74.125.47.0/24 bru
74.125.72.0/24 cbf
74.125.73.0/24 bru
74.125.74.0/24 lpp
74.125.75.0/24 chs
74.125.76.0/24 cbf
74.125.77.0/24 chs
74.125.79.0/24 lpp
74.125.80.0/24 dls
74.125.81.0/24 dub
74.125.92.0/24 mrn
74.125.93.0/24 cbf
74.125.112.0/24 lpp
74.125.113.0/24 cbf
74.125.115.0/24 tul
74.125.176.0/24 mrn
74.125.177.0/24 atl
74.125.179.0/24 cbf
74.125.181.0/24 bru
74.125.182.0/24 cbf
74.125.183.0/24 cbf
74.125.184.0/24 chs
74.125.186.0/24 dls
74.125.187.0/24 dls
74.125.190.0/24 sin
74.125.191.0/24 tul
172.217.32.0/26 lhr
172.217.32.64/26 lhr
172.217.32.128/26 sin
172.217.33.0/26 syd
172.217.33.64/26 syd
172.217.33.128/26 fra
172.217.33.192/26 fra
172.217.34.0/26 fra
172.217.34.64/26 bom
172.217.34.192/26 bom
172.217.35.0/24 gru
172.217.36.0/24 atl
172.217.37.0/24 gru
173.194.90.0/24 cbf
173.194.91.0/24 scl
173.194.93.0/24 tpe
173.194.94.0/24 cbf
173.194.95.0/24 tul
173.194.97.0/24 chs
173.194.98.0/24 lpp
173.194.99.0/24 tul
173.194.100.0/24 mrn
173.194.101.0/24 tul
173.194.102.0/24 atl
173.194.103.0/24 cbf
173.194.168.0/26 nrt
173.194.168.64/26 nrt
173.194.168.128/26 nrt
173.194.168.192/26 iad
173.194.169.0/24 grq
173.194.170.0/24 grq
173.194.171.0/24 tpe
2404:6800:4000::/48 bom
2404:6800:4003::/48 sin
2404:6800:4006::/48 syd
2404:6800:4008::/48 tpe
2404:6800:400b::/48 nrt
2607:f8b0:4001::/48 cbf
2607:f8b0:4002::/48 atl
2607:f8b0:4003::/48 tul
2607:f8b0:4004::/48 iad
2607:f8b0:400c::/48 chs
2607:f8b0:400d::/48 mrn
2607:f8b0:400e::/48 dls
2800:3f0:4001::/48 gru
2800:3f0:4003::/48 scl
2a00:1450:4001::/48 fra
2a00:1450:4009::/48 lhr
2a00:1450:400b::/48 dub
2a00:1450:400c::/48 bru
2a00:1450:4010::/48 lpp
2a00:1450:4013::/48 grq

There are
IPv4 Networks: 68
IPv6 Networks: 20
DNS Cluster’s Identified by POP Code’s: 20

DNS Clusters identified by POP Code to City, State, or Country. Not all of 
these are 
Google’s Core Datacenters, some of them are Edge Points of Presences (POPs). 
https://peering.google.com/#/infrastructure and 
https://www.google.com/about/datacenters/inside/locations/

Most of these are airport codes, it did my best to get the location correct.
iad          Washington, DC
syd         Sydney, Australia
lhr          London, UK
mrn        Lenoir, NC
tpe         Taiwan
atl          Altanta, GA
tul          Tulsa, OK
lpp          Findland
bru         Brussels, Belgium
cbf         Council Bluffs, IA
chs         Charleston, SC
dls          The Dalles, Oregon
dub        Dublin, Ireland
sin          Singapore
fra          Frankfort, Germany
bom       Mumbai, India
gru         Sao Paulo, Brazil
scl          Santiago, Chile
nrt          Tokyo, Japan
grq         Groningen, Netherlans



Which Google DNS Server Cluster am I using. I am testing this from 
Chicago, IL
# dig o-o.myaddr.l.google.com -t txt +short @8.8.8.8
"173.194.94.135"                     <<<<<dig o-o.myaddr.l.google.com -t 
txt +short @8.8.8.8
"74.125.42.138" "173.194.102.132" "74.125.177.5" "74.125.177.74" "74.125.177.71" 
"74.125.177.4" Which all are Google DNS Networks in Atlanta. 74.125.42.0/24 atl 
 74.125.177.0/24 atl 172.217.36.0/24 atl 173.194.102.0/24 atl 2607:f8b0:4002::/48 atl

 Just thought it would be helpful when troubleshooting google DNS issues.



(one more time: this is -almost- a copy / paste of an email sent by Erik Sundberg to nanog mailing 
list on August 23). This post is being posted with his explicit permission.


martes, 22 de agosto de 2017

Prueba de ping MUY sencilla con IPv6. Comparativa IPv4 - IPv6 haciendo ping a la loopback

Hola,
  Recientemente estuve haciendo unas pruebas de ping a las direcciones de loopback de Windows, Linux y MAC.
  Si haces ping6 a tu loopback (digamos 1000 paquetes) con Windows o Linux, IPv6 es más rápido.
  Ahora intenta lo mismo en MAC (El Capitan).., IPv6 es 20-25% más lento.
  Hice lo mismo en varios dispositivos y le pedí a varios amigos que hicieran la misma prueba. Todos obtuvieron el mismo resultado


MAC:
--- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
100 packets transmitted, 100 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.037/0.098/1.062/0.112 ms
--- ::1 ping6 statistics ---
100 packets transmitted, 100 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.058/0.120/0.194/0.027 ms



Linux:
--- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
100 packets transmitted, 100 received, 0% packet loss, time 98999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.015/0.021/0.049/0.007 ms

--- ::1 ping statistics ---
100 packets transmitted, 100 received, 0% packet loss, time 99013ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.019/0.031/0.040/0.004 ms


Windows 10:

Ping statistics for ::1:
    Packets: Sent = 100, Received = 100, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms


Ping statistics for 127.0.0.1:
    Packets: Sent = 100, Received = 100, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 4ms, Average = 0ms


Esto es todo,

jueves, 10 de agosto de 2017

Manera muy sencilla de incrementar el volumen de un archivo mp3. Utilizando Lame en Linux o MAC

Objetivo: 
    Incrementar el volumen de un archivo de audio 

Que necesito: 
   lame 

Instalación: 
   apt-get install lame
 o 
   brew install lame 

Ejemplo: 
  #lame --scale 2 archivo-orignal.mp3 archivo-con-volumen-incrementado.mp3 

 Listo!!

BGP Stream: un año de análisis sobre incidentes BGP

BGP Stream: un año de análisis sobre incidentes BGP 04/03/2024 Por  Alejandro Acosta , Coordinador de I+D en LACNIC LACNIC presenta  la prim...